Unit 8 Human Culture
Human Culture
Answer Sheets.....
Working with words
A. Complete the given sentences with the suitable words from the box.
Answer 👉a. The annual report has caused acute embarrassment to the government.
b. Ellen has worn high-heels. She is teetering.
c. Look! The poor horse is dragging a heavy load.
d. As they approached the outskirts of the city, Ella’s mood visibly lightened.
e. The parcel was wrapped in plain brown paper. It still looks attractive.
f. Fruits and vegetables grow in abundance in the Terai region.
g. They can abstract precious medicines from ordinary substances.
C. Add suitable suffix to the root words given and write the parts of speech of each newly formed word.
Answer 👉
| Root Word | Suffix | New Words |
|---|---|---|
| Neighbour | hood | Neighbourhood (n.) |
| Comfort | able | Comfortable (adj.) |
| Shop | ing | Shopping (n.) |
| Husk | er | Husker (n.) |
| Squeamish | ly | Squeamishly (adv.) |
| Change | ing | Changing (adj.) |
| Shine | ing | Shining (adv.) |
| Colloquial | ly | Colloquially (adv.) |
| Collect | ion | Collection (n.) |
| Embarrass | ment | Embarrassment (n.) |
| Persuade | ive | Persuasive (adj.) |
| Type | ing | Typing (adj.) |
| Differ | ence | Difference (n.) |
| Ship | ing | Shipping (adj.) |
| Tropic | al | Tropical (adj.) |
| Drive | ing | Driving (adj.) |
| Reside | ence | Residence (n.) |
| Brother | hood | Brotherhood (n.) |
| Fresh | ness | Freshness (n.) |
D. Look for the following words related to waste management in an English dictionary. Make sentences of your own using them.
Answer 👉
Sewage
Sewage often pollutes the ocean.
Sludge
A lot of sludge was scooped out of the base of the river.
Organic waste
Oxygen is required for efficient decomposition of the organic wastes.
Inorganic waste
The inorganic waste is being processed in a new government-owned plant.
Methane
The ignition of methane gas killed eight men.
Waste reduction
The government should focus on waste reduction for pollution free environment.
Monofil
It was caught in a monofilament gill in about 60 feet of water.
Market waste
Proper recycling and management of market waste should be everyone’s first priority.
Incineration
The government is proposing to incinerate cattle carcasses at 22 sites.
Hazardous waste
Regular CFLs are categorized as household hazardous waste.
Comprehension
Answer the following questions.
a. How does the author describe the Japanese waste management system?
The author describes the Japanese waste management system as very organized, efficient, and strict.b. What are the two reasons behind the existence of sodaigomi in Japanese culture?
The two reasons behind the existence of sodaigomi in Japanese culture are the appreciation of the transience of things and the concept of "mottainai" or not wasting things.c What, according to the author, do the Japanese feel at the thought of buying second hand items?
According to the author, the Japanese feel a sense of shame or embarrassment at the thought of buying second-hand items.d. How is Malaysian culture different from Japanese culture concerning the used items?
Malaysian culture is different from Japanese culture concerning used items, as Malaysians tend to be more accepting of hand-me-downs and second-hand items.e. Why did the author feel awkward at the sodaigomi pile?
The author felt awkward at the sodaigomi pile because he was not used to the idea of looking through other people's trash.f. How many articles did the author bring to his house one after another?
The author brought three articles to his house one after another.g. Why do most people try to find things in trash pile ‘in the dead of the night’?
Most people try to find things in trash piles "in the dead of the night" to avoid being seen or judged by others for going through trash.h. How did the author’s family assimilate Japanese culture in using consumer goods?
The author's family assimilated Japanese culture in using consumer goods by adopting practices such as taking off shoes before entering the house and using reusable bags instead of disposable ones.Critical thinking
a. If you happen to be in Japan someday, will you collect articles from sodaigomi? Why or why not?
Yes, if I had ever visited Japan, I would have gathered articles from sodaigomi. I live in a place where people wait until something is broken, outdated, or otherwise inoperable before buying a new one. So being in Japanese culture, I cannot practice the sodaigomi ritual. It hurts to move from a world where we had no home items and couldn't bring ourselves to buy the expensive new ones from the shop to one where there were piles of tidy, brand-new-appearing products just sitting on the street. I could live a comfortable life and save a lot of money by purchasing products from sodaigomi. So, definitely I will collect articles from sodaigomi instead of going for the new one.b. There are some second hand shops in Nepal, too. But, people are not much interested in them. What practice would be suitable in managing second hand items in Nepal?
Due to their affordability, as well as the moral and environmental advantages, some buyers like purchasing and selling used goods. However, a large portion of Nepalese citizens show little interest in them. Therefore, the following factors should be taken into account to promote secondhand buying in Nepal.
1. Consignment businesses should work with brands that are successful in the marketplace and offer advice to consignors on the best goods and brands to sell.
2. A reasonable price should be maintained by starting with the item's new-product value and decreasing it in line with usage and wear and tear.
4. Second hand stores have vibrant social media followings and it should work toward getting out to as many people as possible.
Writing
A. Write a paragraph elaborating the idea of 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) in garbage management.
3Rs – Reduce, Reuse & Recycle
The 3Rs, namely reduce, reuse, and recycle, are considered the cornerstone of modern waste management practices. The idea behind this concept is to minimize waste generation by reducing the use of non-renewable resources, reusing products as much as possible, and recycling materials to produce new products. The first step, reduce, involves using less to begin with, either by using alternative materials or by changing consumption patterns. The second step, reuse, involves finding creative ways to use products again or using them for different purposes. The final step, recycle, involves breaking down materials into their component parts and using them to create new products. The 3Rs not only help to reduce waste, but they also conserve natural resources, save energy, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By practicing the 3Rs, individuals and societies can create a more sustainable and efficient waste management system.B. Garbage management is a big problem in most of the cities in Nepal. Write a letter to the editor to be published in the daily newspaper suggesting the ways of ‘Solving Garbage Problems.’
Dear Editor,
I am writing to express my concern over the growing garbage problem in our city. It is disheartening to see piles of garbage lying unattended in the streets and public places. Garbage management has become a major issue in our city, and it is high time that we take action to address this problem.
In my opinion, one of the most effective ways to solve the garbage problem is by adopting the 3Rs approach: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. The first step is to reduce the amount of waste we produce. This can be done by avoiding unnecessary packaging, using reusable bags, and reducing food waste. We should also focus on reusing items that can be used again, such as old clothes, bags, and containers. Finally, we should encourage recycling of materials that cannot be reused. Recycling not only reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills but also conserves natural resources.
Another way to solve the garbage problem is by educating the public about proper waste disposal. We should make sure that people understand the importance of proper waste disposal and the negative consequences of littering. We should also make sure that there are enough trash cans and garbage bins in public places, and that they are regularly emptied.
In conclusion, the garbage problem in our city can be solved through collective efforts. We need to adopt the 3Rs approach, reduce the amount of waste we produce, encourage reuse and recycling, and educate the public about proper waste disposal. I urge the authorities to take immediate action to address this problem and create a cleaner and healthier environment for all.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Grammar
B. Use the words from the brackets to complete the sentences.
a. This house is very small. I want to buy a much bigger one. (much / big)
b. I liked the magic show. It was far more exciting than I’d expected. (far / exciting)
c. It was very cold yesterday. It’s a bit warmer today. (a bit / warm)
d. The warmer the weather the better I feel. (good)
e. An average American earns considerably higher than an average Nepali. (considerably / high)
f. Health care in Nepal is not as expensive as it is in the US. (expensive)
g. I think the problem is far more complicated than it seems. (far / complicated)
h. You are driving very fast. Would you please drive a bit slowly? (a bit/ slowly)
i. Your handwriting is not legible. Can you write a bit neat? (a bit/ neat)
C. Rewrite the following sentences with the sentence beginnings given below.
a. Kabir is less intelligent than he pretends. He is not as intelligent as he pretends.
b. I am busy today but I was busier yesterday. I’m not as busier as I was yesterday.
c. Hari has lived in Kathmandu for 10 years but Bikram for 20 years. Bikram has lived in Kathmandu 10 years more than Hari.
d. I used to study 12 hours a day but nowadays I study only 5 hours a day. I don’t study as much as I used to do.
e. It’s a very good room in our hotel. In fact, it’s the best compared to other.
f. He earns 30 thousand rupees a month but spends 40 thousand. He spends more than he earns.
g. There is no other mountain higher than Mt. Everest in the world. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
h. The place was nearer than I thought. It was not as far as I thought.
i. Bharat can play better than Mohan. Mohan can’t play as good as Bharat.
All Class 12 English Book Solution Link Unitwise
Section I : Language Development
Section II : Literature
Unit - 1 Short Stories
Unit - 2 Poems
Unit - 3 Essays
Unit - 4 One Act Plays
