Class 10 SEE English Guide
Unit - 9
History & Culture
Pratap Malla
A. Complete the following sentences with the correct words from the text.
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a. Queen Rajendra Laxmi ruled the country as a regent because her son Rana Bahadur Shah was too young.
b. Many buildings were demolished as they were destroyed by the earthquake.
c. Many temples had their domes made of gold.
d. As the original trophy was stolen, they made the exact replica of the Tharu hat.
e. Madhav Prasad Ghimire was conferred the title 'Rastrakavi' in 2003.
f. The government honored Jhamak Kumari Ghimire for her contribution to Nepali literature.
g. The British soldiers tried to invade Nepal but the brave Nepali people chased them away.
B. Choose the best alternative.
a. Why did Pratap Malla keep his father in jail?
i. Pratap Malla was insane.
ii. Pratap Malla wanted to be the king soon.
iii. Pratap Malla's father was insane.
iv. Pratap Malla had no experience of administration.
👉 ii. Pratap Malla wanted to be the king soon.
b. What made Kantipur a strong state during Pratap Malla's reign?
i. Pratap Malla's bravery
ii. Pratap Malla's diplomacy
iii. Pratap Malla's love for poetry
iv. Pratap Malla's love for art and culture
👉ii. Pratap Malla's diplomacy
c. Which of the following was not renovated by Pratap Malla?
i. Pashupatinath
ii. Temple of Taleju
ili. Temple of Degutale
iv. Temple of Budhanilkantha
👉ili. Temple of Degutale
d. According to the text, which of the following did not happen during Pratap Malla's reign?
i. Trade with India and China
ii. Promotion of art and culture
iii. Invasion of Kantipur
iv. Presence of learned men at the palace
👉iii. Invasion of Kantipur
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C. Answer these questions.
a. Name two countries that had trade with Kantipur.
👉Two countries that had trade with Kantipur were India and China.
b. How did Pratap Malla keep his kingdom safe from Lalitpur and Bhaktapur?
👉Pratap Malla kept his kingdom safe from Lalitpur and Bhaktapur through diplomatic negotiations, alliances, and strategic alliances with neighboring kingdoms.
c. Where did Pratap Malla place the image of Lord Hanuman? Why?
👉Pratap Malla placed the image of Lord Hanuman in Hanumandhoka Durbar Square. This was done to seek the blessings and protection of Lord Hanuman, who is considered a symbol of strength and courage in Hindu mythology.
d. Pratap Malla conferred himself with the title 'Kabeendra'. Do you think this title suit him? Give reasons.
👉The title 'Kabeendra' conferred by Pratap Malla may not suit him as it means "Lord of Poetry." While Pratap Malla had an appreciation for poetry and patronized poets, his contributions and achievements as a king extended beyond just poetry. Therefore, the title may not fully capture his multifaceted role as a ruler.
e. Pratap Malla used to invite the intellectuals at his palace. What does this indicate about his personality as a king?
👉Pratap Malla's habit of inviting intellectuals to his palace indicates that he had a keen interest in art, culture, and intellectual pursuits. It suggests that he valued the exchange of ideas, promoted learning, and encouraged the development of art and literature in his kingdom. This indicates his personality as a king who appreciated and supported intellectual growth and creativity.
D. Pratap Malla contributed a lot to Nepali culture during his reign. Can you name some of them which still exist?
👉 Certainly! Pratap Malla made significant contributions to Nepali culture during his reign. Some of the contributions that still exist today include:
Hanumandhoka Durbar Square: Pratap Malla's reign witnessed the construction and renovation of various temples and palaces in Hanumandhoka Durbar Square, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and continues to be a cultural and historical hub in Kathmandu.
Krishna Mandir: Pratap Malla commissioned the construction of the Krishna Mandir in Patan, which stands as an architectural marvel and an important religious site.
Rani Pokhari: Pratap Malla built the Rani Pokhari, a large artificial pond in Kathmandu, as a tribute to his deceased queen. It remains a landmark and a place of religious significance.
Promotion of art and literature: Pratap Malla was a patron of the arts and literature. He encouraged the development of poetry, music, dance, and drama during his reign, leaving a lasting impact on Nepali cultural traditions.
Temples and monuments in Bhaktapur: Pratap Malla contributed to the restoration and construction of various temples and monuments in Bhaktapur, preserving the city's rich cultural heritage.
These are just a few examples of Pratap Malla's contributions to Nepali culture that still endure today. His efforts have left a lasting legacy and continue to shape and enrich the cultural landscape of Nepal.
Class 10 SEE English Guide | Unit - 9 History & Culture guide
Grammar I
A. Find the second part of each sentence. Then, change each verb into the correct form.
👉 a. The alarm went off. Brinda replied to her.
b. As soon as the teacher asked the question, Trishna was sleeping.
c. I did my homework. We saw the sun shining brightly.
d. When the doors opened, the telephone rang.
e. When we woke up, the audience rushed into the stadium.
B. Complete the sentences. Write in the correct form of each verb.
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a. When I arrived home, my dad was preparing snacks for me.
b. That day, when we left home, the sky was overcast and it was drizzling.
c. Last week, we booked a hotel online. The hotel was really wonderful. The staff stood at the gate to welcome us when we reached there.
d. Were the children sleeping when you reached home that night?
e. Something very strange happened on my way home yesterday. I was walking along the way. Suddenly, I saw my grandfather following me. But he had died a year ago.
f. We were traveling to Chitwan when the police stopped us on the way. According to them, there was a bomb there. So, we had to wait for an hour.
C. Make sentences using the words given in the brackets. Use the correct forms of the verbs: simple past or past continuous.
Example: the telephone/ring several times/ while I/have dinne
The telaplivrie rang several tes while Twas Being disse:
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a. It began to snow while we were returning home.
b. Kamal fell off while he was playing on the verandah.
c. Amit was waiting for me when I reached the station.
d. Simran took my photos while I was not looking at the camera.
e. What were you doing yesterday when I called you?
f. I broke the glass while I was washing it.
g. The teacher entered the class while some students were dancing in the class.
i. I found the lost purse while I was cleaning the room.
j. Dipisha finished her homework while her brother was watching TV.
Writing I
B. Some people think studying history is just a waste of time while others think that it is essential. What do you think of these ideas? Write your opinion in about 200 words.
Answer 👉
Opinion: The Value and Importance of Studying History
In my opinion, studying history is not only essential but also a valuable pursuit that offers numerous benefits to individuals and society as a whole. While some may perceive history as a mere waste of time, I firmly believe that it plays a crucial role in shaping our understanding of the present and guiding us towards a better future.
Firstly, studying history provides us with valuable insights into the past, enabling us to comprehend the origins and development of various societies, cultures, and civilizations. It allows us to learn from the triumphs and mistakes of our predecessors, providing a rich tapestry of experiences and knowledge that can guide our decision-making in the present. By understanding the causes and consequences of past events, we can make informed choices and avoid repeating past errors.
Furthermore, history offers us a sense of identity and belonging. It allows us to connect with our roots, understand our heritage, and appreciate the diverse perspectives that have shaped our world. By studying history, we can gain a deeper understanding of the struggles, achievements, and contributions of different individuals and communities throughout time, fostering empathy, tolerance, and respect for cultural diversity.
Moreover, history teaches us critical thinking and analytical skills. By examining primary and secondary sources, evaluating evidence, and analyzing various interpretations of historical events, we develop the ability to think critically, question assumptions, and form well-rounded opinions. These skills are essential not only in academic pursuits but also in everyday life, enabling us to navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing world.
Lastly, history provides us with a sense of continuity and perspective. It helps us appreciate the progress we have made as a society, while also reminding us of the challenges that remain. By understanding the struggles faced by past generations, we can gain a renewed sense of gratitude for the opportunities and freedoms we enjoy today.
In conclusion, studying history is far from being a waste of time. It offers invaluable insights, fosters a sense of identity, cultivates critical thinking skills, and provides us with a broader perspective on the world. By recognizing the importance of history, we can better understand ourselves, learn from the past, and work towards a brighter and more enlightened future.
Flowers in Russian Culture
A. Find out the single words for the following meanings.
a. a strong, usually pleasant smell ...............
b. different colours of paint, especially as used by an artist
c. toa great degree ............
d. lasting only a short time ............
e. the act or process of producing children or baby animals
f. enclose (something) in or as if in a capsule ............
g. a type of treatment which involves massaging the body
with special fragrant oils .........
h. causing to be kept away .........
i. tobe a sign of something that will happen in the future ...
Answer 👉
a. Fragrance
b. Palette
c. Intensely
d. Transient
e. Reproduction
f. Encapsulate
g. Aromatherapy
h. Exclusionary
i. Foreshadow
B. Words like gift-giving, heartwarming, cardboard, etc., are compund words. Make a list of such compound words from the text.
Answer 👉
Here is a list of compound words from the text:
Gift-giving
Heartwarming
Cardboard
Please note that compound words can vary depending on the specific context and content of the text.
C. Complete the sentences below with the correct information from the text.
Answer 👉
a. People do not care which flowers they are receiving as long as the flowers are beautiful and they give joy.
b. Flowers are gifted worldwide to express emotions and sentiments.
c. Following the strict flower etiquette while gifting flowers in Russia saves you from offending people.
d. Red carnations symbolise the bloodshed and sacrifices produced by the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party of Bolsheviks.
e. Russian people believe that the white carnation signifies old age, so we should not gift them to performers.
f. Russian people do not gift red puppy flowers to their loved ones because they think if they do so, their love becomes weak.
g. When Russians want to break up with their beloved ones, they gift black roses.
h. Chamomiles have medicinal values, so they can be used for the treatment of various diseases.
i. We should not gift a white lily bouquet in a Russian wedding as it symbolises death.
D. Answer these questions.
a. Mention any two reasons for which people gift flowers to others.
Two reasons for which people gift flowers to others are to express love and appreciation, and to convey congratulations or well wishes.
b. How do people feel when they are gifted flowers?
When people are gifted flowers, they often feel happy, appreciated, and loved.
c. What determines the selection of flowers for gifting in Russia?
The selection of flowers for gifting in Russia is determined by flower etiquette and cultural symbolism associated with different flowers.
d. Which event in Russian history is reflected by the red carnation?
The red carnation reflects the event of the Russian Revolution and the bloodshed and sacrifices associated with the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party of Bolsheviks.
e. Does a Russian like to keep a white carnation under his/ her pillow? Why?
No, a Russian does not like to keep a white carnation under their pillow because it symbolizes old age.
f. What's the reason for connecting the red puppy with fragile love?
The red poppy is connected with fragile love because in Russian folklore it is believed that if you give red poppy flowers to your loved one, your love will become weak.
g. What makes the Russian people eat red puppy seeds in their wedding?
The Russian people eat red poppy seeds in their wedding as a traditional ritual symbolizing fertility and prosperity.
h. Do you prefer to grow chamomile in your garden? Why?
It depends on personal preference whether someone prefers to grow chamomile in their garden. Some people may choose to grow chamomile for its beautiful flowers and medicinal properties.
i. What colour is chamomile?
The color of chamomile is white.
j. Write the names of two flowers used for fortune telling.
Two flowers used for fortune telling are rose and daisy.
k. Which flower is mostly used in Russian weddings?
The flower mostly used in Russian weddings is the white lily.
E. Do you know other flowers that are commonly used for gifting? Write the names of those flowers and the occasions on which they are gifted.
👉 Here are some commonly gifted flowers and the occasions on which they are commonly given:
Roses: Roses are a popular choice for various occasions, including Valentine's Day, anniversaries, and romantic gestures. They symbolize love, passion, and beauty.
Tulips: Tulips are often given as a gesture of love, friendship, or appreciation. They are suitable for occasions like birthdays, Mother's Day, or to express gratitude.
Orchids: Orchids are elegant and exotic flowers that are often given as a gift for special occasions like birthdays, anniversaries, or to convey admiration and appreciation.
Lilies: Lilies are versatile flowers that are gifted for different occasions. They are commonly associated with funerals and sympathy, but they can also be given for celebrations like weddings or as a symbol of purity and innocence.
Sunflowers: Sunflowers are vibrant and cheerful flowers that symbolize happiness and positivity. They are often gifted to uplift someone's spirits, to express gratitude, or to celebrate special occasions like graduations or housewarmings.
Carnations: Carnations come in various colors, each carrying its own symbolism. They are commonly given for Mother's Day, birthdays, or as a symbol of admiration and affection.
Gerbera Daisies: Gerbera daisies are bright and colorful flowers that represent joy and happiness. They are often gifted to celebrate birthdays, congratulate someone, or to bring cheer to a loved one.
These are just a few examples, and there are many other flowers that are commonly used for gifting depending on personal preferences and cultural traditions.
Class 10 SEE English Guide | Unit - 9 History & Culture guide
Grammar Il
A. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.
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a. The children arrived five minutes ago.
b. Ramchandra bought the ticket before he went to the cinema.
c. Alexander conquered one-fourth of the world before he was thirty.
d. When she came out of the airport, nobody was waiting for her.
e. I found a thousand rupee note in my pants pocket while I was washing it.
f. Somebody knocked at my door while I was taking a rest.
g. Every year, he saves some money which he spends to buy a new house.
h. I had my breakfast before I went to work.
i. The train left before we reached the station.
B. Complete the story below with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.
👉 A young lady entered a shop in Birendranagar, Surkhet. She put a few items of food in a bag. She chose a time when not many people were there in the street. She waited for the moment when no one else would see her running away. When the shopkeeper checked the goods, she gave him a thousand-rupee note. As soon as the shopkeeper opened the box, she snatched all the money from it. Meanwhile, she ran out of the shop before the shopkeeper realized what had happened. When the shopkeeper checked the amount in the box, he found that the thief had taken only Rs. 450. As the thief left the note behind, the operation
Writing Il
A. Write a story using the outlines given below. The Bat, the Birds, and the Beasts
👉 Once upon a time, there was a great conflict brewing between the birds and the beasts. Two armies had collected together, each ready to wage war against the other. The birds, with their wings spread wide, chirped and squawked in anticipation, while the beasts, with their powerful paws and sharp claws, roared and growled in readiness.
Amidst this turmoil, there was a creature known as the bat. The bat was a unique creature, possessing both wings and fur. When approached by the birds to join their side, the bat refused, stating that he was a beast and not a bird. Likewise, when the beasts requested his alliance, he claimed to be a bird. The bat found himself caught in the middle, not truly belonging to either group.
Finally, a peace treaty was made between the birds and the beasts, and the decision was met with great rejoicing. The animals and birds put their differences aside and began to live in harmony. Seeing the newfound unity, the bat felt a strong desire to join in the celebration and be a part of this harmonious gathering.
However, as the bat approached, expecting acceptance and camaraderie, both the birds and the beasts turned against him. They threatened to tear him into pieces, accusing him of deceit and betrayal. Realizing that he no longer belonged anywhere, the bat spread its wings and flew away, seeking solace in the night sky.
From that day forward, the bat has become a creature of the night, forever flying in the shadows, neither fully accepted by the birds nor the beasts. And while he may have longed for the warmth of unity, he found himself forever separated, a reminder of the consequences of pretending to be something he was not.
The story of the bat, the birds, and the beasts serves as a cautionary tale, teaching us the importance of embracing our true selves and the perils of trying to fit into groups where we do not truly belong. It reminds us to find acceptance and contentment in being true to who we are, even if it means flying alone in the darkness.
B. Write a story that begins with the sentence 'One warm summer afternoon an old owl was dozing when a grasshopper disturbed it with a very raspy song.’
Answer 👉
One warm summer afternoon, an old owl was dozing peacefully on a tree branch when its tranquility was abruptly disrupted by the raspy song of a grasshopper. The owl's eyes snapped open, irritated by the disturbance.
With a huff, the owl glared down at the grasshopper, who continued to chirp away obliviously. The owl was known for its wisdom and patience, but even the wisest creatures have their limits. Annoyed by the noise, the owl decided to teach the grasshopper a lesson.
In a low, steady voice, the owl called out to the grasshopper, "Why do you sing with such a raspy tune? Can't you produce a more melodious sound?"
The grasshopper paused, surprised to be addressed by the wise old owl. "I'm sorry, Mr. Owl," the grasshopper replied, his voice tinged with humility. "I have always had this raspy voice, and I try my best to sing as beautifully as I can."
The owl's stern expression softened as it listened to the grasshopper's honest response. Understanding dawned upon the owl, realizing that the grasshopper's song was a reflection of its true self.
Moved by the grasshopper's sincerity, the owl spoke again, but this time with kindness. "Grasshopper, I apologize for my initial annoyance. Your raspy song is unique, and it represents who you are. Embrace your own melody and sing with pride."
With those words, the owl spread its wings and gracefully flew away, leaving the grasshopper to ponder its advice. From that day forward, the grasshopper continued its raspy song, but now with confidence and joy.
The other animals in the forest, who had once dismissed the grasshopper's song, began to appreciate its uniqueness. They realized that true beauty lies in embracing one's individuality and sharing it with the world.
And so, the raspy song of the grasshopper echoed through the forest, becoming a symbol of authenticity and acceptance. The old owl's wise words had taught not only the grasshopper but also the entire animal kingdom a valuable lesson – to celebrate and appreciate the diverse voices that make up the tapestry of life.
Project work
Collect information about one of the famous kings of Nepal. Then, write the major events that took place during his reign. Display the events in a timeline on a chart paper.
Answer 👉
Title: Major Events During the Reign of King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev
Introduction:
King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, born on June 11, 1920, was the ninth King of Nepal and reigned from 1955 until his death in 1972. He played a significant role in shaping the history of Nepal during his reign. Below are some of the major events that took place during his rule, presented in a timeline format:
Timeline of Major Events:
1955:
March 13: King Mahendra ascends to the throne after the demise of his father, King Tribhuvan.
March 18: King Mahendra forms a new government and introduces a new constitution known as the "Mahendra Constitution."
October 15: Dissolves the parliament and imposes a party-less Panchayat system of governance.
1960:
December 15: King Mahendra stages a royal coup, dismissing the elected government and imposing direct rule.
1962:
February 12: Implements a new constitution known as the "Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 1962," establishing the Panchayat system as the official form of government.
1963:
Implements the "National Panchayat System" to decentralize power and establish local governing bodies.
1969:
April 1: Launches the "Land Reform Act," aimed at redistributing land to landless farmers and improving agricultural productivity.
1971:
King Mahendra plays a key role in the establishment of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), a regional intergovernmental organization.
Conclusion:
King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev's reign witnessed several significant events that had a lasting impact on Nepal's political and social landscape. From the introduction of the Panchayat system to land reforms and his contribution to regional cooperation, King Mahendra's reign was marked by transformative changes. Displaying these major events on a chart paper timeline would provide a visual representation of the key moments in his rule and help in understanding the historical context of Nepal during that period.
